ABSTRACT
Objective To understand the characteristics and dynamic of HIV-1 subtype distribution in men who have sex with men (MSM) in Guangzhou between 2008 and 2015.Methods HIV-1 RNAs were extracted from serum samples of the individuals newly diagnosed with HIV-1 infection among MSM living in Guangzhou between 2008 and 2015.The pol gene segments of HIV-1 genome from these RNA samples were amplified by nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (nested-PCR) and were sequenced.Subsequently,the phylogenetic tree was reconstructed using pol sequences of samples and references together and the subtype of HIV-1 was determined.The distributions of HIV-1 subtypes detected in MSM with different demographic characteristics in different years were compared.Results A total of 2 210 pol gene segments were successfully obtained from 2 473 serum samples of the MSM.The average age of 2 210 MSM was 30.19 years with standard deviation of 8.22 years,the unmarried MSM and those in Han ethnic group accounted for 73.39％ and 90.81％,respectively.The proportion of subtype CRF07_BC (38.10％) was highest,followed by CRF01_AE (34.84％),CRF55_01B (14.62％),B (6.06％),URFs (3.58％),CRF59_01B (2.17％) and other subtypes (0.63％).The annual proportions of subtype B (P=0.000,99％CI:0.000-0.000),CRF07_BC (x2=14.965,P=0.036),CRF55_01B (x2=18.161,P=0.011) and URFs (P=0.001,99％ CI:0.000-0.001) were significantly different.The proportion of subtype B showed a gradual decrease from 14.08％ to 4.33％ (P=0.000,99％ CI:0.000-0.000),while the proportion of URFs rapidly increased from 0％ to 6.40％ (P=0.000,99％CI:0.000-0.000).The rate of URFs was significantly higher in farmers and migrant workers than in other groups (P=0.017,99％ CI:0.014-0.020) and the rate of URFs was higher in individuals who had multi sexual partners (x2=5.733,P=0.017).Conclusions CRF07_BC and CRF01_AE were the predominant HIV-1 subtypes and multiple subtypes co-circulated among MSM in Guangzhou between 2008 and 2015.The recombinations of HIV-1 continue to occur in MSM.Strengthening behavioral intervention for farmers,migrant workers and individuals who have multi sexual partners has the important epidemiological significance against the emerging and circulating of the novel recombinant virus among MSM in Guangzhou.
ABSTRACT
Objective To understand the characteristics and dynamic of HIV-1 subtype distribution in men who have sex with men (MSM) in Guangzhou between 2008 and 2015.Methods HIV-1 RNAs were extracted from serum samples of the individuals newly diagnosed with HIV-1 infection among MSM living in Guangzhou between 2008 and 2015.The pol gene segments of HIV-1 genome from these RNA samples were amplified by nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (nested-PCR) and were sequenced.Subsequently,the phylogenetic tree was reconstructed using pol sequences of samples and references together and the subtype of HIV-1 was determined.The distributions of HIV-1 subtypes detected in MSM with different demographic characteristics in different years were compared.Results A total of 2 210 pol gene segments were successfully obtained from 2 473 serum samples of the MSM.The average age of 2 210 MSM was 30.19 years with standard deviation of 8.22 years,the unmarried MSM and those in Han ethnic group accounted for 73.39％ and 90.81％,respectively.The proportion of subtype CRF07_BC (38.10％) was highest,followed by CRF01_AE (34.84％),CRF55_01B (14.62％),B (6.06％),URFs (3.58％),CRF59_01B (2.17％) and other subtypes (0.63％).The annual proportions of subtype B (P=0.000,99％CI:0.000-0.000),CRF07_BC (x2=14.965,P=0.036),CRF55_01B (x2=18.161,P=0.011) and URFs (P=0.001,99％ CI:0.000-0.001) were significantly different.The proportion of subtype B showed a gradual decrease from 14.08％ to 4.33％ (P=0.000,99％ CI:0.000-0.000),while the proportion of URFs rapidly increased from 0％ to 6.40％ (P=0.000,99％CI:0.000-0.000).The rate of URFs was significantly higher in farmers and migrant workers than in other groups (P=0.017,99％ CI:0.014-0.020) and the rate of URFs was higher in individuals who had multi sexual partners (x2=5.733,P=0.017).Conclusions CRF07_BC and CRF01_AE were the predominant HIV-1 subtypes and multiple subtypes co-circulated among MSM in Guangzhou between 2008 and 2015.The recombinations of HIV-1 continue to occur in MSM.Strengthening behavioral intervention for farmers,migrant workers and individuals who have multi sexual partners has the important epidemiological significance against the emerging and circulating of the novel recombinant virus among MSM in Guangzhou.
ABSTRACT
Objective To understand the characteristic of subtype distribution among foreigners who were living with HIV-1,in Guangzhou.Methods HIV-1 RNAs were extracted from 114 serum specimens in foreigners diagnosed with HIV-1 infections between 2008 and 2010,and in 2015.Partial pol gene of HIV-1 genome from these RNA samples were amplified by nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (nested-PCR) with nucleotide sequenced.Subsequently,phylogenetic tree was reconstructed using the pol sequences of samples and references.Results Among all the 114 samples,57.9％ were from males and 42.1％ from females,with an average age as 35.21 years old and the standard deviation as 9.63 years.A total of 6.8％ of the samples were from Africans.The top three subtypes were identified as CRF02_AG,subtype G and subtype C,accounted for 30.7％,14.9％ and 12.3％ respectively.Compared with samples gathered from 2008 to 2010,the proportions of subtype A1 and CRF01_AE significantly increased,while the other subtypes significantly decreased in 2015 (x 2=37.570;P=0.013,99％ CI:0.010-0.016).Proportions of CRF01_AE and subtype G among males outnumbered the females but the proportions of subtype A1,CRF02_AG and URF among females appeared the other way round (x2=15.528;P=0.029,99％CI:0.024-0.033).Proportions of CRF02_AG and subtype G among HIV-1 positive Africans were larger than those from other Southeast Asian countries or areas,However,the proportion of CRF01_AE among HIV-1 positive patients from Southeast Asian countries was higher than those patients from other areas (x2=39.399;P=0.009,99％ CI:0.006-0.011).The rates of resistance to any drug of protease inhibitors (PIs),reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTIs),as well as to PIs,NRTIs,and NNRTIs alone,were 21.9％,12.3％,6.1％ and 7.0％,respectively.One of nine CRF01_AEs from the HIV-1 positive patients were found closely clustered in those phylogenetic tree (bootstrap=0.855) samples,collected from local patients in Guangzhou.Conclusions Our findings showed that these foreign subtypes had been spread to the natives,more from the Africans than from the other areas,in Guangzhou.These types of viruses were different from the strains identified locally,suggesting that they might have been brought in by foreigners living with HIV-1,in Guangzhou.Programs related to care,support and behavioral intervention for HIV positive foreigners living in Guangzhou,should be strengthened.
ABSTRACT
Objective To understand the characteristic of subtype distribution among foreigners who were living with HIV-1,in Guangzhou.Methods HIV-1 RNAs were extracted from 114 serum specimens in foreigners diagnosed with HIV-1 infections between 2008 and 2010,and in 2015.Partial pol gene of HIV-1 genome from these RNA samples were amplified by nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (nested-PCR) with nucleotide sequenced.Subsequently,phylogenetic tree was reconstructed using the pol sequences of samples and references.Results Among all the 114 samples,57.9％ were from males and 42.1％ from females,with an average age as 35.21 years old and the standard deviation as 9.63 years.A total of 6.8％ of the samples were from Africans.The top three subtypes were identified as CRF02_AG,subtype G and subtype C,accounted for 30.7％,14.9％ and 12.3％ respectively.Compared with samples gathered from 2008 to 2010,the proportions of subtype A1 and CRF01_AE significantly increased,while the other subtypes significantly decreased in 2015 (x 2=37.570;P=0.013,99％ CI:0.010-0.016).Proportions of CRF01_AE and subtype G among males outnumbered the females but the proportions of subtype A1,CRF02_AG and URF among females appeared the other way round (x2=15.528;P=0.029,99％CI:0.024-0.033).Proportions of CRF02_AG and subtype G among HIV-1 positive Africans were larger than those from other Southeast Asian countries or areas,However,the proportion of CRF01_AE among HIV-1 positive patients from Southeast Asian countries was higher than those patients from other areas (x2=39.399;P=0.009,99％ CI:0.006-0.011).The rates of resistance to any drug of protease inhibitors (PIs),reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTIs),as well as to PIs,NRTIs,and NNRTIs alone,were 21.9％,12.3％,6.1％ and 7.0％,respectively.One of nine CRF01_AEs from the HIV-1 positive patients were found closely clustered in those phylogenetic tree (bootstrap=0.855) samples,collected from local patients in Guangzhou.Conclusions Our findings showed that these foreign subtypes had been spread to the natives,more from the Africans than from the other areas,in Guangzhou.These types of viruses were different from the strains identified locally,suggesting that they might have been brought in by foreigners living with HIV-1,in Guangzhou.Programs related to care,support and behavioral intervention for HIV positive foreigners living in Guangzhou,should be strengthened.